变态心理学 Durand Abnormal Psychology chapter12.pptVIP

Chapter 12Personality Disorders Personality Disorders: An Overview The Nature of Personality and Personality Disorders Enduring and relatively stable predispositions (i.e., ways of relating and thinking) Predispositions are inflexible and maladaptive, causing distress and/or impairment Coded on Axis II of the DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR Categorical vs. Dimensional Views of Personality Disorders Personality Disorders: Facts and Statistics Prevalence of Personality Disorders About 0.5% to 2.5% of the general population Rates are higher in inpatient and outpatient settings Origins and Course of Personality Disorders Thought to begin in childhood Run a chronic course Comorbidity rates are high Gender Distribution and Gender Bias Gender bias exists in diagnosis Criterion vs. assessment gender bias DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR Personality Disorder Clusters Cluster A Odd or eccentric Examples include paranoid, schizoid Cluster B Dramatic, emotional, erratic Examples include antisocial, borderline Cluster C Fearful or anxious Examples include avoidant, obsessive-compulsive Cluster A: Paranoid Personality Disorder Overview and Clinical Features Pervasive and unjustified mistrust and suspicion The Causes Biological and psychological contributions are unclear Early learning that the world is a dangerous place Treatment Options Few seek professional help on their own Treatment focuses on development of trust Cognitive therapy to counter negativistic thinking Lack good outcome studies Cluster A: Schizoid Personality Disorder Overview and Clinical Features Pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships Very limited range of emotions in interpersonal situations The Causes Etiology is unclear Preference for social isolation resembles autism Treatment Options Few seek professional help on their own Focus on the value of interpersonal relationships Building empathy and social skills Lack good outcome studies Cluster A: Schizotypal Personality Disorder Overview and Clinical