黄世鑫的批评.docVIP

經濟學：社會科學 黃世鑫（台北大學財政學系教授） 前言 根據主辦單位設定之議題，本來是針對「我國目前學術評鑑對於各學門的正面與負面衝擊」。不過，就經濟學門而言，所要談論的，恐怕不只是學術評鑑「單向」的對經濟學門學術發展的影響衝擊；而是二者之間「雙向」彼此之間的相互影響。 誠如研討會規劃書所提到的，研討會之舉辦，旨在針對以「量化經濟學邏輯」為基礎之學術評鑑模式，是否適用人文社會科學；因此，始作俑者，既是經濟學門，故就經濟學門而言，值得探討的，首先應是所謂「量化經濟學邏輯」之內涵，或其在經濟學門之學術發展所代表的意義。換言之，在運用「量化經濟學邏輯」，或奉之為學術評鑑之「圭臬」前，應該檢視或反省的，應是經濟學門本身的學術發展或其學術成就。由經濟學的發展歷程，可以清楚的反映，正是這種「量化經濟學邏輯」的學術檢驗，導致經濟學的危機與破產。對學術評鑑之評析學術評鑑本篇論文訴求之對象，就如同Eichner編輯”Why Economics is not yet a Science”所企求者： “…that the essays in this collection are directed primarily at those outside economics – even though it is hoped that minds within the profession, especially younger ones, are still open to persuasion. One audience is the lay public. It is this group which suffers the most from economics in its present form, not just in terms of the resources consumed in supporting those who hold teaching and research positions in the field but also in terms of the damage done by there not being a better understanding of how the economy works. The even more important audience, however, is the broader community of scientists. It is this group which most directly threatened when ideas falsely masquerade as science, and it is this group which must respond accordingly.” (Eichner, 1983a, pp. xiii-xiv；黑體字為作者所加，以後之引註亦同。) 學術評鑑學術評鑑學術評鑑手段學術評鑑就是運用一套「標準化的標準」去評比學術工作者的研究成果學術評鑑只是手段說穿了，這是根據所謂「市場經濟邏輯」，是新古典經濟主義的「基本教義」；經由方法論或科學哲學的「檢驗」，新古典經濟理論係一種市場經濟主義，係一種「唯市場經濟」的意識形態；所以，正如新古典經濟理論的主要代言人之一Robbins(1981, p.1) 所言，其呼應F. Hayek之建議，主張應將經濟學還原為樞機主教（Archbishop）Whately所稱的「交易學」（the Science of Catallactics or the Science of Exchange），或如Boulding (1969)之定義： “Economics specializes in the study of that part of the total social system which is organized through exchange and which deals with exchangeable. This to my mind is a better definition of economics than those which define it as relating to scarcity or allocation, …” 一方面，其將學術商品化，所以有其同質性。另方面，是將學者勞動市場化；即學者雖不是「按時計酬」，卻是「按件計酬」。故只要學術「市場」能夠形成，則其目標自然「心想事成」： ”The paradigm of orthodox econmics takes its lead from Adam Smith’s Wealth