《实用英语》第二册07课Intelligence in Animals.pptVIP

Book IIUnit Seven Reading I Intelligence in Animals Pre-reading Questions What is the commonest way used to learn about the stages of intelligence in animals?? Do animals learn from their mistakes? Why is the maze an inadequate test for measuring intelligence in mammals? Can animals think about something not around them? How can you tell that certain abilities that animals possess are instincts and certain other abilities are instances of intelligence? What evidence is there in support the argument that monkeys can reason? Language Points Tax enough attribute of the mind:此句可意释为make heavy demands on the abilities of the mind.动词tax此处意为 make difficult or excessive demands upon（使负重担，使受压力，使过劳累），如：The boss taxed everyone’s patience. Reading in the poor light taxes the eyes. Tax作动词的本义为“对…征税”，通常用法为 tax sb. on sth.，如：He is taxed on his own and his wife’s income.此外还有一个含义为“指责”，其用法为tax sb. with sth. ，如：I taxed the grocer with having sold me defective goods. 2. The more subtle trial is imposed:动词impose意为 to force on sb./sth.（强加，强派），此词还有“征税”之意，其用法为impose sth.on sb./sth.，如：impose a tax on imports（征收进口税）, impose duties on wines and spirits（征收酒类税）, impose a false article upon a person（把假货卖给某人）。 3. When posed with this test:此处动词pose 意为put forward, present（提出，摆出）,通常作及物动词使用，如：The increase in student numbers poses many problems for the universities. Pose作动词即可及物使用也可不及物使用，还有“保持某种姿势（供人画像或照相），假装是，装腔作势”等意，如：He posed an hour for his portrait. He posed as a rich man. 4.sized up the problem:动词短语size up意为form an opinion or judgment of sb. or sth.（估计，鉴定），如：He sized up the situation and phoned the police immediately. 5.took Kohler by the hand:注意在“动词+宾语+by/on/in+the+身体部位等”这样的结构中,定冠词the不能换成物主代词，不能说took him by his hand.常见的这样用的动词有catch, pull, shake, seize, hit, take等,如：The child pulled his mother by the coat. The ball hit the girl on the nose. Reading II How Animals Keep Warm Pre-reading Questions What does the word “hibernation” mean? Give examples. How do the non-hibernating animals keep war