【部分未翻译】第13部分—Odim.docxVIP

翻译 第13部分Operating Modes运行模式Currently there are two primary methods of validating the?block chain?as a client: Full nodes and?SPV?clients. Other methods, such as server-trusting methods, are not discussed as they are not recommended.现在，验证区块链客户端的方法主要有两种：完整节点和SPV客户端。其他不被推荐的方法，像server-trusting，不列入讨论范围。Full Node完整节点The first and most secure model is the one followed by Bitcoin Core, also known as a “thick” or “full chain” client. This security model assures the validity of the?block chain?by downloading and validating?blocks?from the?genesis block?all the way to the most recently discovered?block. This is known as using the?height?of a particular?block?to verify the client’s view of the?network.完整节点是最先出现且最安全的一个模式，由比特币核心支撑，也被称为“thick”和“完整链”客户端。这种安全模式确保区块链的验证是通过下载、验证从创世块到最新发现的区块完成的。它运用特殊区块的高度来验证网络客户端。For a client to be fooled, an adversary would need to give a complete alternative?block chain?history that is of greater?difficulty?than the current “true” chain, which is impossible due to the fact that the longest chain is by definition the true chain. After the suggested six?confirmations, the ability to fool the client become intractable, as only a single honest?network?node is needed to have the complete state of the?block chain.要愚弄一个客户端，攻击者需要提供一个替代的完整块链历史记录。这比提供“真的”块链难度更大，因为这是不可能的，最长的链必然是真正的链。建议6次确认后，愚弄客户端变得棘手，因为只有一个诚实节点是需要有完整的块链的。Simplified Payment Verification (SPV)简捷支付验证（SPV）An alternative approach detailed in the?original Bitcoin paper?is a client that only downloads the headers of?blocks?during the initial syncing process and then requests transactions from full nodes as needed. This scales linearly with the height of the?block chain?at only 80 bytes per?block header, or up to 4.2MB per year, regardless of total block?size.在比特币的原始论文中详述了一个替代的方法，即一个这样的客户端：它只在初始同步过程下载块头，并根据需要从完整节点中下载交易历史。不管总区块的大小是多少，这种模式仅在每块头的80字节中与区块链的高度成线性关系，或是上升到每年4.2MB。As described in the white paper, the?Merkle root?in the?block header?along with a Merkle branch can prove to the?SPV?client that th