2 Nouns(名词).doc

2 Nouns（名词） Introduction Two students are talking in the classroom.. Maggie: What did you see in Mei Po Marshes? Sam : I saw some rare birds there. They were eating fish. I also saw some frogs in the eater. Maggie: What other animals can you see in marches? Sam : We can see butterflies and snails. Sometimes we also see bats and snakes. Maggie: It must be fun! Sam : Yes, but I got too close to the pond and my feet got stuck in the mud. My shoes became so dirty that my mum was very upset. Grammar Point A．名词一般可分为两类：普通名词common nouns和专有名词proper nouns。有学者再根据事物的物质列出以下三种：物质名词material nouns、集合名词collective nouns和抽象名词abstract nouns。 1．普通名词common nouns 平常使用的名词，例如：‘hen, duck, pen, desk, student’等。 E.g. A duck is swimming in the pond. Macy bought some bread yesterday. 2．专有名词proper nouns 人、地、物的专用名词。例如：‘John, Mary, China, England, Disneyland’等。 E.g. Dan visited Beijing last year. Macy bought some bread yesterday. 3．物质名词material nouns 构成事物的材料和物质。例如：‘gold, silver, water, air, paper, meat’等。 E.g. The human body is two-thirds water. The air is very fresh in the countryside. 4．集合名词collective nouns 一群人、地、物的总称。例如：‘team, army, family, fleet, swarm’等。 E.g. A flock of sheep is eating grass. My school’s football team won the game. 5．抽象名词abstract nouns 感觉到，但看不到、听不到或触摸不到的事物。例如：‘love, honesty, joy, fear, beauty, charity’等。 E.g. Our troops showed their great courage in battle. I believe love can heal. B．名词又可分为可数名词countable nouns和不可数名词uncountable nouns。 1．可数名词countable nouns 可以数算数目的物件。例如：‘boy, book, tree, flower’等。 2．不可数名词uncountable nouns 不可以数算或是难以数算数目的物件。例如：‘water, air, sand, rice’等。通常物质名词material noun和抽象名词abstract noun都是不可数名词。 若要数算这类名词，需要用一些可数的数量名词quantifiers (measure words)。 例如：‘a piece of, a cup of, a bowl of, a bar of’等。 E.g. Please give me a glass of water. (× Please give me a water.) They eat a loaf of bread every morning. (× They cat a bread every morning.) She