语音学课件2.ppt

English Phonetics ——Sounds in  Connected Speech Lecturer : 方 菲 Sophia Fang Part TwoSounds in Connected Speech 1.Strong and Weak Forms 2.Assimilation and Elision 3.Liaison 4. Length of a sound 5. Word Stress 6. Sentence Stress 7. Rhythm 8. Sense Groups and Pause Chapter 1 Strong and Weak Forms 重读与弱读 Words have two forms 1.Form words(虚词) 2.Pronouns(代词): personal(人称代词), possessive(物主代词), relative(关系代词) indefinite pronoun(不定代词)“some” ( denoting indefinite quantity). Strong Form The strong form of a word is used when the word is said in isolation, or in connected speech in which the word should be stressed; it is also used in certain cases where the word is unstressed positions. Weak Form Used only in unstressed positions. A weak form of a word is generally distinguished from a strong form (1).by the difference in vowel-sounds, (2).by the absence of a sound (vowel or consonant), (3).by the difference of in the length of a vowel. Examples: are /a:/ /?/ them /eem/ /e?m/ and /?nd/ /?n/ /n/ am /?m/ /m/ been /bi:n/ /bin/ were /w?:/ /w?/ Very often the weak form has /?/ in it, the strong form contains some other vowel.e .g.: was /w?z/, for/f?:/, them/eem/, to/tu:/ It was too difficult for them to read. /it w?z tu: difik?lt f? e?m t? ri:d/ A few words with /i:/ in the strong form have a weak form with /i/; e .g.: the /ei:/, the other end /ei Λe?r end/. 1.Conjunctions 连词 2.Pronouns 代词 3.Verbs 动词 3. 1 Copula Verbs系动词 3.2 Auxiliary Verbs 助动词 3.3 Modal Verbs 情态动词 4. Articls 冠词 5.Prepositions 介词 6. Other Words The Use of Strong Forms The strong forms are used in the following cases: 1)When the word is stressed,e.g. They don’t believe, do they? /eei d?unt bili:v du:eei / You must choose us or them. /ju: m?st ?u:z