英语主谓一致现象分析.doc

英语主谓一致现象分析 衡水学院 刘立新 英语中的主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：第一、语法一致：即在语法形式上取得一致，如果主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；如果主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。 第二、意义一致，即从意义角度处理一致关系，如果主语形式为单数但意义为复数，谓语动词也采用复数形式。第三、就近原则：即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。在原则的具体应用过程中，也需要对具体问题做出具体分析。 一、语法一致具体现象分析 1. 由and连接的两个非复数名词做主语，一般根据语法一致原则用复数形式的谓语动词。如： What I say and what I think are none of your business. 2. 若两个或两个以上单数名词用and连接而名词前有 each, every, no, many a(n) 或more than one 限制，谓语动词则用单数形式。如： Every man, woman and child was saved. 3. 如果主语是由a portion of, a series of, a kind of, a pair of 等加名词构成，谓语动词一般根据语法一致原则用单数形式。如： A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use. 但在these/those kind/type of 加复数名词之后，谓语动词采用复数形式。如： These kind of tests are good. 4. 主语是由 many a(n), more than one 加单数名词构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍采用单数形式。如： Many a student has made that mistake. More than a thousand inhabitants have signed the petition. 如果more than one 后面没有名词，谓语动词的单复数形式则取决于more和 one哪一个重读。 5. 在either, neither, one each, every, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, anyone, someone, somebody 和“one of加复数名词”之后，动词用单数形式。如： Neither of the two girls is at home. One of our English teachers is absent today. 6. 一个名词后跟有with, as well as, no less than, more than, together with, in addition to, accompanied by, rather than, including, as much as 等引导的词组时，谓语动词的单复数形式通常遵循语法一致原则依前面的名词，即主语的单复数而定。如： Terry, along with her friend, goes skating every Saturday. Making the beds, together with other light jobs, keeps Grandma busy until noon. 但在口语中，由with, together with, except, as well as, along with等引导的短语与前面的名词一起做主语时，也可根据意义一致或就近原则采用复数形式的谓语动词。如： No one except his own brothers support(s) him. George as well as Mary are/is standing there. 7. 关系代词who, that或which后的动词应与关系代词所指的先行词在数和人称上取得一致。如： I, who am your colleague, will share the work with you. He, who is my neighbor, bears a grudge against me. 注意下列句子的区别： “Ebb Tide” is one of the most beautiful pieces of music that have ever been recorded. （that的先行词是pieces，因此动词为复数形式） “Ebb Tide “ is the only one of the Platters’s songs that is worth lis