第六讲-词类转移法.pptVIP

Conversion 我们的翻译并非文本，而是一个个具体的文本，翻译的基本层次主要体现在译文文字的细节处理上，体现在对译文词句的调整和变通上。 ——曹明伦 Contents 1. Theoretical Discussion 2. Classification and Illustration 3. Translation Practice in Class 4. Homework 1. Theoretical Discussion 转换是指在翻译过程中，将源语中一种词性或句子成分或视角在目的语中转换成另一种词性或句子成分、视角进行翻译的方法。转换法在翻译中是必不可少的，“离开必要的转换，势必会导致生硬拗口，甚至晦涩难懂的译文”（孙致礼）。单转换的原则是：必须不违背愿意，且有助于译文的畅达。从理论上讲，翻译中转换的类别是没有限制的，但也有一定的规律：英语喜欢用名词、介词，汉语则用动词较多；英语常用非人称词做主语，喜用被动结构，汉语常用人称主语，喜主动。 2.Classificaton and illustration 2.1 Conversion of Word Classes(转换词类） We are enemies of all aggressive wars. 我们反对任何侵略战争。（noun.—〉verb.） Such rocks are the most suitable underground-water reservoirs. 这种岩石最适于储存地下水。（adj-verb;n-v) I am out fifty dollars 我损失了50美元。(adj.-verb) Compare ： She always sings his praises. 她老是夸耀他。 She doesn’t want his praise. 她不要他赞美。 The American people demanded his release. 美国人民要求释放他。 He won praise for his release of the prisoners of war. 他因释放了战俘而获得称赞。 Conclusion: 英语的Of-genitive 或possessive +noun 常有歧义。可看具体语境转换成：动宾结构（v+o);主谓结构（s+v);或主动结构；被动结构。 Prep: 286 in English—— 30 in Chinese She escorted the foreign guests round the sights of Guilin. 她陪同外宾游遍了桂林山水。（prep-verb) Hence the advisability of trying again. 因此，再次进行尝试是可行的。（n-v) The earth on which we live is shaped like a ball. 我们赖以生存的地球形状象个球（v-n) Internally the earth consists of two parts: a core and a mantle. 地球内部由两部分组成：地核和地幔。(ad-n) 2.2 Conversion of sentence members The engine has given a consistently good performance. 发动机的性能一直表现良好。(ob-sub) The warm-blooded animals have a constantly body temperature. 温血动物的体温是恒定不变的。(sub-attrb) An idea came to him. 他有了一个主意。(sub-ob) Many factors affect equipment reliability. 影响设备可靠性的因素很多。(attrb-pred) The following provides a brief account of how the human body is built. 以下简要描绘人体是怎样构成的。(ob-pred) 2.3 Conversion of Impersonal Subject Anger choked his words. 他愤怒的说不出话来。(把非人称主语转换成人称或其他主语） The thought of him always fills me with strength. 一想起他，我就总是浑身是劲。(转换时把简单句拆成复合句） Dusk found him crying in the street. 天黑时，他在街上哭。（非人称—〉状语） A few steps acr