重质原油超声波破乳脱水脱钙研究.docVIP

重质原油超声波破乳脱水脱钙研究 宗松，叶国祥，吕效平，韩萍芳 （南京工业大学超声化学工程研究所，江苏 南京 210009） 摘要：以钙含量高达150 μg·g-1的新疆重质高钙稠油为研究对象，在实验室条件下，采用超声波破乳技术进行稠油脱水脱钙研究。在确定破乳剂K和脱钙剂、注水量（比）12%，以及固定剂钙比(摩尔比)1.5：1的情况下，对超声波破乳脱水脱钙的影响因素进行了考察，如、超声辐照时间、混合强度、沉降时间等。结果表明，是影响原油破乳最重要的因素；同时混合强度也直接影响最终脱钙效果。剂钙(摩尔比)1.5：1比情况脱后稠油含水量（体积比），脱钙率达到37.8%。 关键词：超声波；重质原油； 破乳； 脱钙 中图分类号： 文献标识码：A 文章编号： decalcification of heavy oil by ultrasound Zong Song, Ye Guoxiang, Lu Xiaoping, Han Pingfang (Institute of Sonochemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China) Abstract：The high calciumcontaining crude oil from Xinjiang was studied in this essay, the calcium content of which was as high as 150μg·g-1. Under the laboratory condition, we use the ultrasound demulsification technology to carry on the research of oil dehydration and decalcification. Considered the dosage of decalcifier R (decalcifier: calcium = 1.5: 1), demulsifier K, and water injected (12% m.), the research of the influencing factors to demulsification, dehydration and decalcification, such as the output voltage of ultrasound, ultrasonic irradiation time, mixing intensity, sedimentation time and so on were carried out. The results indicated that, he output voltage of ultrasound was the most important factor to crude oil demulsification; simultaneously mixing intensity also directly influenced the final decalcifying effect. At the optimum experimental conditions that the ratio of catalyst to calcium is 1.5:1 and the rotating speed is 7000 rpm, the final water content of the heavy oil 0.64%(v.), the decalcification rate achieved 37.8%. Key words：ultrasound; heavy oil; demulsification; decalcification 近年来，我国原油中钙含量明显增加，克拉玛依原油中钙含量已超140 μg·g-1，是1988年原油钙含量的5倍以上[1]。兰州炼油厂对混合原油脱盐前后钙含量的跟踪分析表明：三级脱盐后原油中的钙含量与脱盐前完全相同。原油中钙含量过高会降低后加工催化剂催化活性，造成设备的腐蚀，无机盐在高温下会发生分解和水解，对设备产生垢下腐蚀，严重时会导致炉管破裂，对石油加工非常不利[2]。 目前国内原油的脱钙一般是利用炼厂现有的电脱盐装置完成的。把脱钙剂单独或和成螯合物或将沉淀溶于或分散到水中，然后随水一起排出。 超声波破乳技术具有能耗低、对原油无污染等特点。国内外研究表明，超声波破乳是十分有效的强化原油破乳脱水的方法[3-9]，从而为粘度较高的乳化原油的破乳脱水提供了经济有效的途径。 ( 超声波原油