论文汽车碰撞散落物形态研究 26.doc

山东交通学院毕业论文 汽车碰撞散落物形态研究 摘 要 交通事故散落物形态研究是事故再现的重要依据和关键因素。这方面研究对于车辆速度的计算及公安系统案件的侦破有很大的帮助。对散落物的研究通常包括被抛物体的运动轨迹和分布情况研究,基于实验统计的散落物分布场研究以及应用电脑仿真等技术手段。 本文将在汽车碰撞事故中的自行车、骑车人、行人以及汽车本身掉落的物体等视为散落物,增加了事故现场散落物分布情况及其特定的不变量等内容,丰富了散落物定义的内涵。 本文在统计思想的基础上理解以及阐述了事故散落物分布的概念,进行了汽车前照灯模拟碰撞实验和汽车碰撞散落物抛撒分布场实验,分析了现场碰撞遗留的前照灯碎片、碎屑状散落物和液体状散落物的分布情况及其分布场的形态,建立了汽车前照灯再现模型和典型散落物再现模型。利用汽车碰撞模拟试验装置对模型的有效性进行了验证。 本文从多方面对汽车碰撞散落物的分布进行了分析及研究，从不同的汽车碰撞形态分析散落物分布场的特征。同时对对不同的碰撞物体进行碰撞仿真实验分析,将行人碰撞分为行人后部/侧面与汽车碰撞两种类型。首次提出第一落地点抛距模型理论,分析了碰撞前碰撞物体相对车辆位置对散落物抛距的影响,分别建立了汽车-碰撞物体后部/侧面/综合碰撞模型、汽车-碰撞物体高速碰撞模型、汽车-碰撞物体刮擦碰撞模型及汽车-骑车人碰撞模型。最后,将本文模型与现实中交通事故搜集的数据进行了对比,验证了本文模型的有效性和可行性。 关键词：道路交通，运输安全工程，事故再现，汽车碰撞散落物，运动依据 Abstract traffic accident fallout, Morphology is an important basis for accident reconstruction and critical factors. Research in this area is of great help for the calculation of vehicle speed and the investigation of cases of public security system. Fallout, usually including paraboloid trajectory and distribution, based on the experimental statistical distribution of fallout, market research and the application of computer simulation techniques. This article pedestrians, bicycles and cars in car crashes and other falling objects as fallout, the scene of the accident scattered the contents of the physical distribution of its specific invariant rich fallout, defined connotations. This article on the basis of statistical thinking to understand and to describe the accident scattered object distribution concept, the car headlights crash simulation experiments and car crash fallout, the throw distribution field experiments, analysis of the the site collision left headlight debris, debris like fallout, liquid scattered distribution and its distribution field of form model car headlights reconstruction model and the the typical fallout, reproduction. The use of the car crash simulation test device on the validity of the model was verified. From the distribution of a wide range of car crash fallout, analysis and research, the