【仪表工程】HELICOPTER INSTRUMENT PROCEDURES.pdfVIP

This chapter presents information on instrument flight rule (IFR) helicopter operations in the National Airspace System (NAS). Although helicopter instrument flight is relatively new when compared to airplane instrument flight, the global positioning system (GPS) and the developing Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) are bringing approach procedures to heliports around the country. As of February 2006 there were approximately 45 public “Copter” instrument flight procedures, includ- ing 23 instrument landing system (ILS), 5 RNAV (GPS) point-in-space (PinS), 6 non-directional beacon (NDB), 8 VHF Omni-directional Range (VOR), and 227 private RNAV (GPS) “Specials” either to runways or PinS approaches to heliports. This does not include approach procedures that are located five miles or more from shore in the Gulf of Mexico and other locations. The ability to operate helicopters under IFR increases their utility and safety. Helicopter IFR operators have an excellent safety record due to the investment in IFR equipped helicopters, development of instrument approach procedures, and IFR trained flight crews. The Figure 7-1. Icing Tests.To safely provide an all-weather capabil- safety record of IFR operations in the Gulf of Mexico is ity and flight into known icing conditions that would otherwise delay or cancel winter flight operations, the digital control of equivalent to the safety record of the best-rated airlines. the S-92 rotor ice protection system (RIPS) determines the tem- Manufacturers are working to increase IFR all-weather perature and moisture content of the air and removes any ice capabilities of helicopters by providing slower minimum buildup by heating the main and tail rotor blades.The syste