土木工程专业英语LESSON15.pptVIP

§15 soil mechanics 1. New words analysis Equilibrium equation 词根：equ-平、等 Rupture=rupt( 词根：断、破)+ure（后缀：性质、状态）相似词根：rupt, frag, fract interrupt(中断)=inter+rupt，fracture(断裂) bankrupt, fragile(易破的) Numerical←number+ical Heterogeneity=early 17th cent.: from Greek heterogenēs, from heteros other + genos a kind compressibility（可压缩性）←compressible+ity（n.后缀：性质、状态）←compress+ible Visual←video; audible ←audio Topography（地形学）=togo(词根：地形)+graphy（后缀：图） Propagation←propagate（prop+agate）←prop(词根：大众) Misconception(误解)=mis+conception Elastic(expansible soil)=膨胀土 Stabilometer(稳定度测定仪)=stability+o+meter(仪、计) Remnant(残留物)=remain（留下）+ant（名词后缀：人或物） 2. 长句、难句分析 Exam. 1 soils are extremely variable in composition, and it was this heterogeneity that long discouraged scientific studies of these deposits. [参考翻译] 土的成分非常复杂，正是土的这种不均匀性长期以来一直困扰着对这些残积物的科学研究。 Exam. 2 Gradually, the investigation of failures of retaining walls,foundations,embankments,pavements, and other structures resulted in a body of knowledge concerning the nature of soils and their behavior sufficient to give rise to soil mechanics as a branch of engineering science. [参考翻译] 逐渐地，对挡土墙、建筑基础、路堤、路面及其它结构物的破坏原因的调查分析积累了大量系统的有关土的性质与行为特征的知识，这些知识足以使土力学成为工程科学的一个新的学科分支。 Exam . 3 Twentieth-century advances have been in the direction of taking cohesion into account; understanding the basic properties of soils in general and of the plasticity of clay in particular; and systematically studying the shearing characteristics of soils-that is, their performance under conditions of sliding. [分析] 本句句子结构清晰，难点在于专业词汇多，初次接触把不准取哪个意义。 [参考翻译] 20世纪土力学的研究进展方向如下：把土的粘聚力纳入土力学理论体系、总体上理解土的基本物理特性，特别是粘性土的朔性性质，以及系统研究土的抗剪特征，即：土在滑移条件下的性能。 Soil mechanics is concerned with the use of the laws of mechanics and hydraulics in engineering problems related to soils. 土力学是力学和水力学关于土的工程应用的知识。 Soil is a natural aggregate of mineral grains, with or without organic constituents, formed by the chemical and mechanical weathering of rock. It consists of three phases, solid