外科急诊创伤之脊椎损伤.ppt

Spinal Cord Injuries L. Barnes, BS, CCEMT-P, NREMT-P Spinal Anatomy and PhysiologyVertebral Column 33 bones comprise the spine Function Skeletal support structure Major portion of axial skeleton Protective container for spinal cord Vertebral Body Major weight-bearing component Anterior to other vertebrae components Spinal Anatomy and PhysiologyVertebral Column Size of Vertebrae C-1 C-2 No vertebral body Support head Allow for turning of head Vertebral body size increase the more inferior they become Lumbar spine has strongest and largest Bear weight of the body Sacral Coccyx vertebrae are fused No vertebral body Spinal Anatomy and PhysiologyVertebral Column Components of Vertebrae Spinal Canal Opening in the vertebrae that the spinal cord passes through Pedicles Thick, bony structures that connect the vertebral body to the spinous and transverse processes Laminae Posterior bones of vertebrae that make up foramen Transverse Process Bilateral projections from vertebrae Muscle attachment and articulation location with ribs Spinal Anatomy and PhysiologyVertebral Column Components of Vertebrae Spinous Process Posterior prominence on vertebrae Intervertebral Disks Cartilagenous pad between vertebrae Serves as shock absorber Spinal Anatomy and PhysiologyVertebral Column Vertebral Ligaments Anterior Longitudinal Anterior surface of vertebral bodies Provides major stability of the spinal column Resists hyperextension Posterior Longitudinal Poster surface of vertebral bodies in spinal canal Prevents hyperflexion Spinal Anatomy and PhysiologyDivisions of the Vertebral Column Cervical Spine 7 vertebrae Sole support for head Head weighs 16-22 pounds C-1 (Atlas) Supports Head Securely affixed to the occiput Permits nodding C-2 (Axis) Odontoid Process (Dens) Projects upward Provides pivot point so head can rotate C-7 Prominent spinous process (vertebra prominens) Spinal Anatomy and PhysiologyDivisions of the Vertebral Column Thoracic Spine 12 vertebrae 1st rib articulate