最新学术论文写作Prewriting.pptVIP

Prewriting Prewriting generally refers to any kind of activity that helps you loosen up, think about your topic, focus on purpose, analyze your audience, and otherwise prepare to write. The prewriting steps vary with the kind of paper you are planning. Some papers are obviously more complicated than others, and so some steps for getting ready to write are also more complicated. Prewriting activities lay the groundwork for a great paper. Usually, the prewriting activities help you find a good topic, narrow topics that are too broad, and look at purpose. You should finish the prewriting activities with at least a sentence and a list. Or you may have something as formal as a three-part thesis sentence and a fully developed outline. Either way, you’ll have laid the groundwork. 1. Gathering Thoughts and Information What we write depends on what we think about. What we think about usually depends on what has happened to us, perhaps as a result of what we have read, heard, seen, or done. The first part of prewriting demands that we focus on our thoughts, perhaps expanding them by seeking additional information. Probably a dozen or so general activities help in finding a topic, but here we look at the following most common activities Reading (specific assignments, general background, and research) Discussion (group and interview) Personal reflection Journal writing Brainstorming List making Graphic organizers Daily experiences (what you see, hear, and do) Reading: Specific Assignments. Reading is one way to prepare for writing. Perhaps you have a reading assignment to which you must respond. Perhaps you are summarizing the assignment, reacting to it, or in some other way showing that you have read and understood it. The assignment may also be a springboard from which you can make mental leaps to topics of related but special interest to you. Reading: General Background. Frequently, however, the reading material is somethi