International Management and the Cultural Context国际管理和文化背景.ppt

International Management and the Cultural Context Table of Contents Chapter Vignette Cultural Framework Cultural Values and Organizational Behavior Culture Defined Four Dimensions of Culture Cultural Paradox Cultural Shock Cultural Aspects of Management Corporate Culture Cultural Typology of Organization The Benefits of Multiculturalism Chapter Vignette Cooperative Projects and Teamwork American perspective Japanese perspective German perspective Cultural divide Cultural Values and Organizational Behavior Cultural Framework - National boundaries Culture: Viewed as the way people live and relate to each other and their environment. Physical Manifestations: Functional objects and artistic products, crafts, music, literature. Non Physical Manifestations: Mental frameworks use in dealing with their surroundings. Culture Defined Culture System of knowledge and standards for perceiving, believing, evaluating, and acting. Major components Language, ethnicity, and religion Ways to measure Cultural differences Complexity: Amount of implicit information Heterogeneity: Variations in language, ethnicity and religion. Cultural Framework Four Dimensions of Culture Individualism Power Distance Uncertainty Avoidance Gender Role Differentiation Cultural Paradox Cultural Shock Cultural Aspects of Management Managerial Concepts rooted in cultural values and norms: Motivation Superior-Subordinate relationships, authority, leadership and control Meaning of these concepts varies from one culture to another. To appreciate the influence of cultural values and assumptions on management we examine the basic values of the U.S. culture: The American Cultural Values The individual: isolationist concept of the “person”. Compared to Germans, Americans have larger peripheral region and smaller central region Ecological relations: Relation with the person, the environment and others: Optimistic Self-determination Worth of a person depends on personal accomplishments The Am