15.呼吸系统疾病 英文 2010.ppt

2004.7.9 (星期五) The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Tan Wei-ping Contents Upper Respiratory Infection Acute infectious Laryngitis Acute Bronchitis Bronchiolitis Pneumonia Anatomy upper respiratory tract(URT) Cricoid Cartilage lower respiratory tract(LRT) URT ：Nose、pharynx 、 Uvula 、 Larynx 、 auditory tube、paranasal sinuses LRT ：Trachea、bronchia 、bronchiole、the respiratory bronchiole、the alveolar duct and the alveolus Anatomy characteristics upper respiratory tract Nose: cilia↓, capillary↑ Sinuses: mucous Auditory tube tonsil Larynx lower respiratory tract： Weak Cartilage Supporting , ciliary function impairment Right bronchus :straight , large Collagen and elastin fibers，capillary， interstitial tissue Thorax：chest wall, respiratory muscle；diaphragm，mediastinum Physiological characteristics The compensatory ability ↓ Respiratory rate↑ Pattern of respiration Gas-exchanging membrane :diffuse rate CO2＞O2 Resistance of airway: child ＞adult Arterial blood gas examination (1) pH↓acidosis； (2) PaO2↓ SaO2 ↓ hypoxemia； (3)PaCO2↑ carbon dioxide retention mal-ventilation The Immunological Characteristics： Impaired mucociliary clearance function SIgA↓、IgA↓、IgG↓ subtype of IgG ↓ Alveolar macrophages ↓ , lysozyme ↓ lactoferrin ↓ 、interferon ↓ complement ↓ Upper Respiratory Infection (URI, or Common Cold) 1. Etiology 90% viruses, the majority of colds. rhinoviruses ,coronaviruses. parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, enterovirus, respiratory syncytial virus. 2. season fall and winter 3. Frequency three to eight colds a year. Inoculation by virus Invasion of epithelium of Release of nasopharynx,sinuses and URT cellular damage Inflammatory of nasopharynx mediators in Cholinergic nasal s