P27心理学专业外语第27页.docVIP

Ethical issues in human experimentation in psychology2 DEBRIEFING Involves informing those tested of the reasons for the research and ensuring that they leave the testing in as similar a state as possible as they entered it. This is especially important if deception has been employed and the procedures could cause long term upset. Examples in psychology Milgram(1963)- All subjects were fully debriefed and reassured after the experiment. They were shown that the learner was unharmed and had not received any shocks. CONFIDENTIALITY Under the Date Protection Act (1984) participants and the date they provide should be kept anonymous unless they have given their full consent. If clients are dissatisfied after debriefing they can demand their date is destroyed. Examples in psychology Confidentiality is of particular importance in case studies , especially involving date gained as part of a client-patient relationship . There are many examples in psychology of pseudonyms used to maintain anonymity, e.g. Genie, H.M., Anna O, etc. 心理学以人为实验对象的伦理问题 告知：包括告知在研究中被测试他们原因，使得他们在离开实验室时恢复到和进入实验室时同样的状态。这一点在一些使用了欺骗或者实验造成长期困扰的研究中尤其重要。 心理学的例子 米尔格拉姆（1963）：所有的被试在实验结束后都被详细的询问并打消了顾虑。这表明这些实验者没有受到伤害也没有受到任何惊吓。 保密 根据《数据保护法》，被试和他们提供的数据应该是不公开的，除非完全征得他们的同意。如果当事人不满意他们的实验结果，那可以要求销毁他们的数据。 心理学中的例子 保密性在个案研究中是尤其重要的，尤其包括从作为当事病人关系那里得来的数据。在心理学中有许多用化名来隐藏真名的例子，例如Genie, H.M., Anna O,等等。 WITHDRAWAL Any participants in psychological studies should be informed of their right to withdraw from testing whenever they wish. Examples in psychology Milgram(1963)-The study abused the right of subjects to withdraw from a psychology study-those wishing to leave were told ‘you have no other choice, you must go on’. However, subjects had the right to leave , they were not physically restrained, in fact the subsequent variations of the experiment were designed to discourage obedience. Zimbardo et al (1973)-Stopped their prison simulation study after just 6 days instead of the two weeks it was meant to run because of e