1226中英双语话历史 第34期汉朝光武中兴.doc

中英双语话历史 第34期汉朝光武中兴 张铁城 2016、12、26 Zhangtiecheng 2016\7\17 中英双语话历史 第34期:汉朝(光武中兴) 时间:2015-12-02 16:30:00?来源:可可英语 编辑:Helen ?? The Eastern Han was another strong and prosperous dynasty after the Western Han, and its economy went on booming. 东汉是继西汉之后国力强盛，封建经济继续发展的一个王朝。 Since its foundation by Emperor Guangwu, the empire lasted 196 years over fourteen generations. 自光武帝建国起共传14帝，经历196年。 The first 40 plus years of the Eastern Han witnessed the relative stability during the reign of the emperors Guang Wu, Ming and Zhang. 汉光武帝、明帝和章帝统治的前40多年，东汉的社会比较稳定。 After a civil war that had lasted from 25 A. D. to 36 A. D. , Emperor Guangwu finally reunited the country. 公元25年至36年光武帝平定各地叛乱,重新一统天下。 He tried to reinstate the central government, so the new dynasty was more autocratic than the Western Han. 建国之初，光武帝重新加强中央集权,东汉政权较之西汉政权更为专制。 Although the emperor re-established the princedoms and marquisates, and gave titles and fiefs to his followers, all of them were free from executive powers actually. 光武帝大封功臣，却剥夺了他们的实权。 He made a comprehensive reform on the policies made by Wang Mang, rectifying the bureaucratic system. 全面改革王莽所实施的旧政策，整顿吏治。 The power of the reputed three chancellors, i. e. , the chancellor of civil administration, the chancellor of military affairs and the great censor, was weakened. 削弱三公即司徒、司空和太尉的权力。 Being still in high positions, but in name only，they didn’t have any real power any longer. 三公的职位虽高，徒有虚名，并无实权。 Then all the power was centralized in the imperial board of ministries, which took orders from the emperor directly. This played an important role in the autocratic sovereignty, which sustained and further enhanced the centralization of the Western Han. 权力集中于尚书台，尚书台则直接听命于皇帝, 这对皇帝的个人专制独裁起到重要作用， The inspection system was strengthened, and prefectural governor was appointed to each prefecture. 这是对西汉武帝加强中央集权的继续和发展。 He should go on an inspection tour around his administrative region in August every year, reviewing the lawsuits, inspecting the official achievements, and present