ETS公布GRE阅读选项原则.doc

ETS公布GRE阅读选项原则 　　(1)同义变换 。即将原文中的某一句话用另一种说法表达，也就是英文中的paraphrase。如将文章中的many wind-pollinated species fail to release pollen when wind speeds are low or when humid conditions prevail.”换成选项中的“Pollen is sometimes not released by plants when there is little wind。 　　其中包括三种类型：变换同义词，变换句型，变化同根词的词性。以下分别论述，请注意表格中的斜体字。 　　2.错误选项： 　　对于gre阅读文章中更大量的错误选项，ETS也形成了一套固定的规则。以下笔者就用实例来说明错误选项编制的规则： 　　(1)混偏反无。 　　1)混： 此类选项的错误可以形象地概括为：“张冠李戴”。 如下例： 　　文章：...unlike large businesses， they often need to make substantial investments in new plants， staff， equipment， and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If， thereafter， their subcontracts are for some reason reduced， such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses 　　GRE阅读考试题目：The passage suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to 　　(A) experience frustration but not serious financial harm 　　(B) face potentially crippling fixed expenses (本题问大公司如果没有使投标转化为订单将引起什么结果。而这恰恰是小公司的特点。) 　　(C) have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government 　　(D) increase its spending with minority subcontractors 　　(E) revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts 　　2)偏： 意即选项中所包含的逻辑范畴与原文不符。包括”以偏概全“ 以及”以全概偏”。请看下文： 　　Paule Marshall’s Brown Girl， Brownstones (1959) was a landmark in the depiction of female characters in Black American literature. Marshall avoided the oppressed and tragic heroine in conflict with White society that had been typical of the protest novels of the early twentieth century. Like her immediate predecessors， Zora Neale Hurston and Gwendolyn Brooks， she focused her novel on an ordinary Black woman’s search for identity within the context of a Black community. But Marshall extended the analysis of Black female characters begun by Hurston and Brooks by depicting her heroine’s development in terms of the relationship between her Barbadian American parents， and by exploring how male and female roles were define