进程管理(英文课件).pptVIP

Chapter 4: Processes Process Concept Process Scheduling Operation on Processes Cooperating Processes Interprocess Communication Process Concept An operating system executes a variety of programs: Batch system – jobs Time-shared systems – user programs or tasks Textbook uses the terms job and process almost interchangeably. Process – a program in execution A process includes: program counter stack data section Process Concept 国内学术界较为一致的定义： 进程是一个具有一定独立功能的程序，关于某个数据集合的一次可以并发执行的运行活动。 From Wikipedia In computing, a process is an instance of a computer program that is being sequentially executed by a computer system that has the ability to run several computer programs concurrently. Process Concept A single computer processor executes one or more instructions at a time (per clock cycle), one after the other. To allow users to run several programs at once, single-processor computer systems can perform multiprogramming and time-sharing. Using more than one physical processor on a computer, permits true simultaneous execution of more than one stream of instructions from different processes. Concurrency is the term generally used to refer to several independent processes sharing a single processor Simultaneously (or parallel) is used to refer to several processes, each with their own processor. Process vs. Program Dynamic/static process is a program in execution, so it is dynamic, program is a passive collection of instuctions, so it is a static entity. Lify cycle process has a life cycle. It is an active entity in the sense that it can be created, executed, and terminated during its lifetime. Program can exist forever. Structure process = program + data + PCB Each process is represented in the OS by a process control block (PCB), it contains all information associated with a specific process. Process vs. Program No one-to-one mapping between processes and programs can have mulitple processes of the same program one process can invoke multiple pro