社会心理学《第三讲 行为与态度》.pptVIP

4. Behaviors and Attitudes Social Psychologyby David G. Myers 8th Edition 最早的态度实验 态度正式研究开始于19世纪末期。1888年，朗格在有关反应时间的实验中发现，被试如果集中注意即将作出的反应，其反应时间比他集中注意即将来临的刺激时要短。这种预先的倾向或准备的状态就是所谓的态度。 4.1 What is an Attitude ? Attitude : A favorable or unfavorable evaluative reaction toward something or someone ,exhibited in one’s beliefs ,feelings ,or intended behavior . Key words A : mental state of readiness(准备) to respond to a target (a person ,an object ,an issue …) B: predispositions (心理倾向） to respond evaluative (favorable ,neutral ,or unfavorably ) in various degrees C: a hypothetical construct (ghost ,everybody is talking about but nobody has ever seen ) D: general and integrated impression about a target 国内定义： 态度是指个体对一定社会刺激所持有的，具有一定结构、相对稳定和内化了的心理反应倾向。 1、态度是一种心理反应倾向，一种特殊的心理过程。 2、态度的构成具有一定的结构。 3、态度是相对稳定的心理反应倾向。 4、态度是内化了的心理过程，经由经验组合而成。 5、态度是对一定社会刺激的心理反应倾向，是在主体与客体的相互联系之中形成的。 Tri-components of attitudeABC theory Cognitive –beliefs –facts and knowledge Affective –evaluative –preference Behavioral –intention –approach /avoidance ATTITUDE SURVEY Please indicate the extent to which you agree with each of the statements below, using the following scale: 1 = strongly disagree 2 = disagree 3 = neither agree nor disagree 4 = agree 5 = strongly agree 1. Engaging in regular physical exercise three times a week promotes good health. 2. Eating a variety of foods each day, including five or more servings of fresh fruits and vegetables, contributes to wellness. 3. It is essential that all citizens exercise their right to vote if government is to effectively reflect the will of the people. 4. Homelessness is a serious social problem that needs attention. BEHAVIOR SURVEY Please indicate whether or not you have performed each of the following actions: Yes No 1. I take time to engage in regular physical exercise at least three times a week. Yes No 2. I regularly eat at least five servings of fresh fruits and vegetables each day. Yes No 3. I vote