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Patent Rights in the Pharmaceutical Area and their
Enforcement
Experience in the WTOFramework with the Implementation of the
TRIPSAgreement
Matthijs GEUZE*
I. INTRODUCTION
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
(TKIPSAgreement), which forms part of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the
World Trade Organization (WTO) has now been in existence for three years.’
Transitional arrangements stipulated in the TIUPSAgreement regulate at which
moment WTO Members are obliged to comply with its provisions. Some of these
provisions apply from the outset, i.e. 1January 1995. These include the so-called
“mailbox” and exclusive marketing rights provisions of Article 70.8 and 70.9 of the
Agreement relating to inventions of pharmaceutical and agricultural chemical
products. Other provisions apply since 1January 1996. Developed country Members
of the WTO are under the obligation to comply fully with all provisions of the
Agreement om that date. The Council for TKIPS,the WTO body responsible for
overseeing the functioning of the TRIPSAgreement, is monitoring the operation of
the Agreement, and in particular, Members’ compliance with their obligations
thereunder, in accordance with Article 68 of the TRIPSAgreement. Much of the
attention has focused on what countries have, or have not, done, to implement
existing obligations under Article 70.8 and 70.9 concerning patent applications for
* Counsellor, Intellectual Property and lnvestnicnt Division, World Trade Organization, Geneva,
Sw
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