生物技术的发展史(双语课).pptVIP

;;;身高、身材;gene; 美国进行的试验表明，转基因大豆可以预防心血管疾病和糖尿病，而且有助于青少年脑细胞发育。 ;The development of the biotechnology;Pre-Pasteur Era : before 1865 Pasteur Era :1865-1940 Antibiotic Era ：1940-1960 Post-antibiotic Era :1960-1975 New Biotechnology Era :1975- first second third;Pre-Pasteur Era : before 1865;biotechnology：生物工艺学 whear：小麦 alcoholic：酒精的 brew：酿造 ferment：发酵 cheese：乳酪 yogurt：酸奶 ethanol：乙醇 vinegar：醋 microorganisms：微生物 ; Over the conturies , microorganisms have been used for foods and beverage（饮料）,This is probably first example of biotechnology.。To understand this development, the evolution(发展) can bedivided into a series of eras( 时代). ;The first biotechnogy process was probably the production of alcoholic(酒精的) beverages. ; At the same time, brewing(酿造) was evolving, fermented(发酵) milk products such as cheese(乳酪) and yogurt(酸奶) were used as a method of preserving(保存)milk. As anyone know, it is easy for some microorganisms to conver(转变) ethanol（乙醇）to acetic acid（乙酸）, so that inegar（醋）production also developed before 3000 BC.; Brewing beer : barley( 大麦) as material, hops(啤酒花) for the spics(香料)，it is ok after maltose(麦芽糖）and brewers yeast alcohol（啤酒酵母酒精).; At last, vinegar（醋） materials and production methods，if you are interested, you can find it by yourself. ;Pasteur Era :1865-1940;Lactic acid 乳酸 anaerobic bacterium 厌氧细 polypropylene 聚丙烯 calcium acetate 乙酸钙 Clostridium acetobutylicum 丙酮-丁醇梭菌; The advance of microbiology was based on the work of people such as Pasteur ,Koch and Buchher in the nineteenth century. Pasteur’s experiments proved his theory about germs. And thus entered the era of Pasteur . For the use of micro-organisms are also more extensive . ; The microbial prodution of lactie acid in 1881. Pasteur first discovered the production of butanol by bacteria. Weizmann investigated the use of the anaerobic bacterium Clos