发展战略与政策支持美国STEM教育师资政策述评.docVIP

发展战略与政策支持:美国STEM教育师资政策述评 上官剑 湖南师范大学教育科学学院 X 关注成功！ 加关注后您将方便地在 我的关注中得到本文献的被引频次变化的通知！ 新浪微博 腾讯微博 人人网 开心网 豆瓣网 网易微博 摘????要： 作为美国国家发展战略之一的STEM (科学、技术、工程和数学) 教育, 目前最严峻的问题是合格教师在数量上严重短缺、在质量上难以提升, 因此, 美国政府STEM教育师资发展的战略规划是在扩展数量的基础上提升质量。围绕这一战略目标, 近十年来美国政府出台了大量政策, 主要从三个环节着手:一是入口环节, 鼓励更多学生选择STEM专业并将STEM教师作为职业选择;二是中间环节, 多管齐下提升教师职业发展水平;三是出口环节, 通过提薪与服务升级防止STEM教师流失。借鉴美国STEM教育中间环节的经验, 我国的师资政策也需倾力支持确有卓越实践表现的教师培训模式, 并关注民间教研机构的发展。 关键词： 美国STEM教育; 发展战略; 师资政策; 作者简介：上官剑/湖南师范大学教育科学学院副教授, 硕士生导师, 教育学博士, 主要研究方向为高等教育、科学教育等。 (长沙410081) 基金：湖南省教改项目“美国STEM教育师资政策发展脉络研究” (项目编号:2016400116) Development Strategies and Support Policies:Comment on Teaching Manpower Policies of American STEM Education Shangguan Jian Abstract： STEM education, one of the national development strategies in America, has the most serious problem is that qualified teachers are in a severe shortage. Therefore, the strategic development for teachers about American STEM education planned by government is to improve qualification based on extending quantity. In recent decade, the government has introduced a large number of policies revolved around this strategic goal, which focuses on three aspects: the first link is entrance area where more and more students are encouraged to select STEM as their major and become STEM teachers after graduation;the second link is the middle one where the level of teachers professional development is enhanced by multiple ways;the third link is the export sector where STEM teachers are prevented to brain drain by means of salary raise and service updating. By using the experience of American STEM education for reference, teaching manpower policies in China should strongly support high-performance practical models of teachers training and focus on the development of teaching and researching institution. Keyword： American STEM education; development strategies; teaching manpower policies; 科学与技术是当代社会发展的核心驱动力, 是构建公民素质的基本要素。美国首位女宇航员萨莉·莱德 (Sally Ride) 曾这样劝诫教育部门:“创造一个依赖科学和技术的社会, 却无人懂得科学与技术, 这