外文翻译---触发器.docxVIP

英文资料及中文翻译FLIP-FLOPS1 IntorduceIn this passage, we show how to design flip-flops, which operate as one-bit memory cells. Flip-flops are also called latches. Logic circuits constructed using flip-flops can have the present output be a function of both the past and present inputs. Such circuits are called senfiential logic circuits. All flip-flops are based on the same principle: Positive feedback is used to produce a circuit that is bistable . A bistable circuit is one that has two stable operating points. Which operating point the circuit is in is called the state of the circuit. If the state can be sensed and changed, then the circuit can function as a one-bit memory element. The simplest bistable circuit is constructed using two inverters in a loop as shown in Figure 1－1.This circuit only has two nodes, A and B. Because of the inverters, if A is high, B must be low and vice versa; hence, the circuit has two stable states. The operation of the bistable circuit can also be viewed using a plot of the transfer characteristic of the two inverters in series, as shown in Figure 1－2. Part (a) of the figure shows the static transfer characteristic of one of the inverters. When the input voltage is below the threshold (a logical ZERO), the output voltage is high (a logical ONE). When the input voltage is greater than the threshold, the output voltage is low. In part (b) of the figure, we show the transfer characteristic that results from putting both inverters in series. Any solution of the equations for this circuit must also lie on this characteristic. Because of the external connection, the input and output voltages of the series connection of the two inverters must be the same. Therefore, we draw a line with a slope of unity on the plot as well. This line is called the load line, because it represents the external load connection for the two inverters in series. Any solution of the equations for this circuit must also lie on the load line. Therefore, when the equat