英美概况第十二章 Political Parties and Election.ppt

Chapter XII Political Parties and Election The Parties 1. The Conservative Party 2. The Labor Party 3. The Liberal and other minor Parties Election The Parties ----a two-party system Tories—Conservative (1679) (1832) Whigs—Liberal---split into(1916)--- replaced by Labor Party(1922) Whigs and Tories Gradually there emerged a group of MPs and Lords who wanted Parliament to be stronger than the king. They hated and feared Catholics and sympathised with Puritan Non-conformists. They began to call themselves the Country Party (opposed to the Court Party). Their enemies nicknamed them Whigs after some Scottish Puritan outlaws. The other political group, the Court Party, were for the king and believed in Divine Rights. They were also in favour of the Church of England with all its ceremonies and bishops. They hated Non conformists. The Whigs suspected that they were pro-Catholic and nicknamed them after Irish Catholic outlaws : the Tories. The Whigs and Tories were the worlds first political parties and over the years to come they were to share government and opposition in a dual party system. The Whigs became the Liberal Party in the 19th century and the Tories became the Conservative Party. Both still exist today, although the Liberal Party is now called the Liberal Democratic Party. 1. The Conservative Party ideas: supports free enterprise, opposes to nationalization and social services supporter: middle or upper classes, Establishment circles in rural areas leader: leader of the Party chairman The Conservative Party is the largest political party on the centre-right in the United Kingdom. It is descended from the Tory Party and its members are st