《路标》文集对俄国法律意识的反思.docVIP

《路标》文集对俄国法律意识的反思 徐凤林 北京大学哲学系宗教学系、外国哲学研究所 X 关注成功！ 加关注后您将方便地在 我的关注中得到本文献的被引频次变化的通知！ 新浪微博 腾讯微博 人人网 开心网 豆瓣网 网易微博 摘????要： 《路标》文集作者之一基斯嘉科夫斯基, 从法律与个人自由、法制与政治妥协、法律与政治利益、对法律的敬畏四个方面, 剖析和批评了俄国知识分子的法律意识。俄国法律意识的缺陷主要由三个原因造成:一是俄国知识分子重个人道德律法、轻社会律法的传统观念;二是俄国大众的传统法律文化的特性;三是俄国知识分子的民族意识和理想主义。在基斯嘉科夫斯基的批评与分析背后, 他所参照和依据的标准是西方近现代法律思想的基本原则, 即社会法制以保护个人自由为前提, 宪政国家以政治妥协为基础, 法律高于暂时政治利益, 法律是内在精神因素等, 同时也依据近现代俄国法制发展的进程与趋势。 关键词： 俄国知识分子; 《路标》文集; 俄国法律意识; Reflections of Milestones on Russian Legal Consciousness Xu Fenglin Abstract： Kistyakovsiy, one of the authors of Milestones, analyzes and criticizes the legal consciousness of Russian intellectuals from four aspects, namely, law and individual freedom, legal system and political compromise, law and political interests, and reverence towards law. Looking back into the cultural background, this paper argues that there are mainly three reasons for the shortcoming in legal consciousness. First, Russian intellectuals think highly of individual moral laws instead of traditional concepts of social laws; second, characteristics of Russians' traditional legal culture; third, Russian intellectuals' national consciousness and idealism. Inside Kistyakovsiy's criticism and analysis, the standard, which he refers to, is basic principles of Western modern and contemporary legal thoughts, that is, social legality takes protection of individual freedom as premise; constitutional state is based on political compromises; law is superior to temporary political interests; law is the internal spiritual factor, and meanwhile it is also based on the process and trends of modern and contemporary Russian legal system. Keyword： Russian Intellectuals; Milestones; Russian Legal Consciousness; 1909年4月, 七位俄国著名人文社会科学学者的文章合集——《路标》文集在莫斯科出版。七篇论文题目是:《哲学的真理与知识分子的正义》 (H.A·别尔嘉耶夫) 、《英雄主义与苦修精神》 (C.H·布尔加科夫) 、《创造性的自我意识》 (M.O·格尔申宗) 、《论青年知识分子》 (A.C·伊兹果耶夫) 、《维护法律 (知识分子与法律意识) 》 (Б.А·基斯嘉科夫斯基) 、《知识分子与革命》 (П.Б·司徒卢威) 、《虚无主义的伦理学》 (С.Л·弗兰克) 。这本文集鲜明地表达出一部分俄国学者对俄国激进知识分子的革命思想及其实践的反思与批评。《