ch12 英文讲义.pptVIP

Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, Second Edition A First Book of ANSI C, Fourth Edition A First Book of ANSI CFourth Edition Chapter 12 Structures Objectives Single Structures Arrays of Structures Passing and Returning Structures Unions (Optional) Common Programming and Compiler Errors Introduction Each data item listed in Figure 12.1 is an entity by itself, called a data field Together, all the data fields form a single unit called a record In C, a record is referred to as a structure Introduction (continued) Introduction (continued) A structure’s form consists of the symbolic names, data types, and arrangement of individual data fields in the record The structure’s contents consist of the actual data stored in the symbolic names Introduction (continued) Single Structures Structure definition in C: struct { int month; int day; int year; } birth; Reserves storage for the individual data items listed in the structure The three data items are the members of the structure Assigning actual data values to the data items of a structure is called populating the structure Single Structures (continued) Multiple variables can be defined in one statement struct {int month; int day; int year;} birth, current; Common to list the form of the structure with no following variable names The list of structure members must be preceded by a user-selected structure type name struct Date { int month; int day; int year; }; Single Structures (continued) Initialization of structures follows the same rules as for the initialization of arrays: struct Date birth = {12, 28, 1987}; Structure members can be of any data type struct PayRecord { char name[20]; int idNum; double regRate; double otRate; }; struct PayRecord employee = {H. Price, 12387, 15.89, 25.50}; Single Structures (continued) Advantage of structures is when the same structure type is used in a list many times Individual members can be arrays and structures struct { char name[20]; struct Date birth; } per