Java语言程序设计第九版第八章答案.docVIP

Chapter 8 Objects and Classes 1. See the section Defining Classes for Objects. 2. The syntax to define a class is public class ClassName { } The syntax to declare a reference variable for an object is ClassName v; The syntax to create an object is new ClassName(); 5. Constructors are special kinds of methods that are called when creating an object using the new operator. Constructors do not have a return type—not even void. 6. A class has a default constructor only if the class does not define any constructor. 7. The member access operator is used to access a data field or invoke a method from an object. An anonymous object is the one that does not have a reference variable referencing it. A NullPointerException occurs when a null reference variable is used to access the members of an object. An array is an object. The default value for the elements of an array is 0 for numeric, false for boolean, ‘\u0000’ for char, null for object element type. (a) There is such constructor ShowErrors(int) in the ShowErrors class. The ShowErrors class in the book has a default constructor. It is actually same as public class ShowErrors { public static void main(String[] args) { ShowErrors t = new ShowErrors(5); } public ShowErrors () { } } On Line 3, new ShowErrors(5) attempts to create an instance using a constructor ShowErrors(int), but the ShowErrors class does not have such a constructor. That is an error. (b) x() is not a method in the ShowErrors class. The ShowErrors class in the book has a default constructor. It is actually same as public class ShowErrors { public static void main(String[] args) { ShowErrors t = new ShowErrors(); t.x(); } public ShowErrors () { } } On Line 4, t.x() is invoked, but the ShowErrors class does not have the method named x(). That is an error. (c) The program compiles fine, but it has a runtime error because variable c is null when the println statement is executed. (d) new C(5.0) does not match any constructors