《QUANTUM COHOMOLOGY AND THE k-SCHUR BASIS》经典教育文学读本.pdfVIP

QUANTUM COHOMOLOGY AND THE k-SCHUR BASIS LUC LAPOINTE AND JENNIFER MORSE Abstract. We prove that structure constants related to Hecke algebras at roots of unity are special cases of k-Littlewood-Richardson coefficients as- sociated to a product of k-Schur functions. As a consequence, both the 3- point Gromov-Witten invariants appearing in the quantum cohomology of the Grassmannian, and the fusion coefficients for the WZW conformal field theo- ries associated to su(ℓ) are shown to be k-Littlewood Richardson coefficients. From this, Mark Shimozono conjectured that the k-Schur functions form the Schubert basis for the homology of the loop Grassmannian, whereas k-Schur coproducts correspond to the integral cohomology of the loop Grassmannian. We introduce dual k-Schur functions defined on weights of k-tableaux that, given Shimozono’s conjecture, form the Schubert basis for the cohomology of the loop Grassmannian. We derive several properties of these functions that extend those of skew Schur functions. 1. Introduction The study of Macdonald polynomials led to the discovery of symmetric functions, s(k) , indexed by partitions whose first part is no larger than a fixed integer k ≥ 1. λ Experimentation suggested that these functions play the fundamental combinatorial role of the Schur basis in the symmetric function subspace Λk = Z[h , . . . , h ]; that 1 k is, they satisfy properties generalizing classical properties of Schur functions such as Pieri and Littlewood-Richardson rules. The study of the s(k) led to several different