有机化学第九章2.pptVIP

Summary and Key Words Aldehydes and ketones are similar in their reactivity and are distinguished by the fact that the substituents on the acyl carbon cant act as leaving groups. Carboxylic acids and their derivatives-acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, esters, and amides-are distinguished by the fact that the substituents on the acyl carbon can act as leaving groups. A carbon-oxygen double bond is structurally similar to a carbon-carbon double bond. The carbonyl carbon atom is sp2-hybridized and forms both an sp2 σ bond and a p π bond to oxygen. Carbonyl groups are strongly polarized because o