浮点加法器和乘法器单元的设计及验证.doc

浮点加法器和乘法器单元的设计及验证 摘要 浮点数可以表示高精度以及非常大的数值。因此，在当代的微处理器设计中， 通常使用专用部件来完成浮点计算。浮点单元FPU(Floating Point Unit)成为图形加速器、DSPs和高性能计算机的基本部件。以往，芯片面积的大小限制了浮点单元的复杂性，但是随着集成电路工艺的不断发展，特征尺寸的不断缩小以及芯片面积的不断增大，这就为浮点处理单元的设计实现提供了设计基础。 浮点运算器（英文：floating point unit，简称FPU）是计算机系统的一部分，它是专门用来进行浮点数运算的。典型的运算有加减乘除和开方。当CPU执行一个需要浮点数运算的程序时，有三种方式可以执行：软件仿真器（浮点运算函数库）、附加浮点运算器和集成浮点运算器。多数现在的计算机有集成的浮点运算器硬件。 本文从延迟、面积、结构设计的复杂性等方面研究了浮点乘法部件的各个过程。 Abstract A binary floating-point number could represent a number with the high precision as well as the large value．So，some special logic units were used to process floating·point op—erations in the contemporary microprocessor design．An FPU fFloating-Point Unit)is the principal component in graphics accelerators，DSPs(Digital Signal Processor)and A floating point unit (FPU) is a part of a computer system specially designed to carry out operations on floating point numbers. Typical operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and square root. High performance computer systems．The area of chips formerly limited the complexity of FPU．however,as the continuous development of semiconductor technology,the de—crease of feature size and the increase of chip area ，all the changes cited above have provided a firm basis for the design and implementation of FPU． many application programs，such as scientific computation.program,3D graphic program，digital signal processing，and system performance evaluating program etc．，belong to floating—point computation-intensive applications．It is no double that the operational performance of these programs Was influenced by the performance of FPU．When a CPU is executing a program that calls for a floating-point operation, there are 3 ways to carry it out : a floating point unit emulator (a floating-point library), add-on FPU and integrated FPU. Most modern computers have integrated FPU hardware.Therefore,it is necessary to learn and understand how FPU work to a student of micelectronic. 目 录 前 言 1 第一章 绪 论 2 §1.1 乘法器设计研究的依据和意义 2 §1.2 高