【英语语法】-(情态动词、虚拟语气、定语从句、强调句、分词作状语)PPT.ppt

英语语法讲解 英语语法构成示意图 动态中把握英语语法 把握英语句子由易到难的五个层次的变化 学会从动态发展的角度去理解和思考语法在句子中的体现 英语句子五个层次的变化 简单的简单句 复杂的简单句 非简单句 复杂结构充当句子成分 从句套从句的结构 简单的简单句 六个最基本句型,以及其中包含的六种句子成分(主谓宾系表补)。 ①SV(主谓)　 ②SVO(主谓宾)　　 ③SVP(主系表) ④SVOOC(主谓宾宾补)　　 ⑤SVIODO(主谓双宾语) ⑥There be + O (There be) 非简单句 当一个句号前出现两个、甚至更多个主谓结构时,简单句就变成了并列句或复合句。 ①并列句（并列连词连接） ②复合句（从句引导词引导） 复杂结构充当句子成分 简单句子中的成分一般由简单的词或词组充当,而随着句子变长变难,句中的一个成分可能就会由长而且复杂的结构充当,如从句、非谓语动词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、介词短语等等。 如： Feeling upset and not wanting to try, I left the city which I loved. （分词短语作状语、从句作定语） 从句套从句的结构 一个复杂的句子中,可以有两个以上的从句,这些从句相互之间可以是平行关系,也可以是从属关系(即从句套从句),这种情况理解难度较大。 情态动词的完成时(表示对过去的说法) must +have +过去分词 （用于肯定句）一定已经……. The light is still on. They must have forgotten to turn it off when they left the room. 注:mustn’t have done × can’t (couldn’t) +have +过去分词 （用于否定或疑问句）不可能…….. He cannot have been to that town for I saw him just now. should/ought to +have+过去分词 本应该做(却没有做)……. As his best friend, you should/ought to have helped him. (but in fact, you didn’t.) shouldn’t /ought not to +have +过去分词 本不应该做(却做了)……. You shouldn’t have parked your car here, for it’s a public place. needn’t +have +过去分词 本不必做…… You needn’t have waited for me. I told you yesterday I would overwork. 虚拟语气的用法 概念：表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测、或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 (1) 与过去事实相反 If…had +done, …would (should, could, might) +have +done If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed in the exam. 与现在事实相反 If + did (be→were)，…would (should, could, might) + do If he had time, he would attend the meeting. If I were you, I should study English. 与将来事实相反 If + did (be—were) / were to / should+ do,…would (should, could, might) + do If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 虚拟语气用于宾语从句 在表示建议、要求、命令类的动词后面的宾语从句中用(should) + do。 如: advise, suggest, propose, request, require, insist, demand, order, command, desire We suggested that we (should) have a meeting. We insisted that the meet