系统解剖学绪论、骨学.ppt

2. The shape and classification Long bones: A shaft; A cavity and two extremities Short bones: A cuboid Flat bones: Two layers of compact bone with spongy Irregular bones II. The structure of bones 1. Bony Substance Compact: resisting stresses and bending Spongy: arranged in line of the pressure and tension Compact bone Spongy bone periosteum Medullary cavity 2. Periosteum Outer: Inner: Periosteum Endosteum Osteoblast Osteoclast Fibrous 3. Bone marrow Red Bone Marrow: Produce blood cells Yellow Bone Marrow: Fat cells III. Chemical composition of bones Organic components Protein collagen Protein polysaccharides Inorganic components: Calcium phosphate Proportion of I/O is increased with aging Jellyfish Coral frangible soft greenstick fracture comminuted fracture linear fracture Relationship between fracture type and age IV. Development of the bones 1. Intramembranous ossification Anterior fontanelle Posterior fontanelle coronal suture sagittal suture lambdoid suture neonatal cranial view of the above adult cranial view of the above Cartilage model Bone collar Primary ossification center Primary medullary cavity Secondary ossification center Epiphysial plate Questions: How to increase the length and diameter? 2. What are the shaft, epiphysis, and epiphy-sial line? 2. Endochonndral ossification 7 years old 12 years old 22 years old Regulation of growth hormone on bone development growth homone bone anterior pituitary hyposecretion hypersecretion microplasia gigantism Aihua Pan Dept. of Anatomy Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, CSU Email: panaihuia@csu.edu.cn QQ：1102975195 系统解剖学 Introduction of Human Anatomy Osteology Aesculapius WHO Hygeia OUTLINE Introduction of Human Anatomy What is Human Anatomy The classification of human anatomy The basic component of the human body Aims of the study How to study Anatomical terms Osteology I. General Description of OsteologyII. The structure of bonesIII