病理学课件6.ppt

Signal Transduction and the Related Disorders;The process in which cells sense the extracellular stimuli through membranous or intracellular receptors, transduce the signals via intracellular molecules, and thus regulate the biological function of the cells;G-protein-mediated pathway Adenylate cyclase mediated pathway Phospholipase mediated pathway Small G-protein-mediated pathway Non-G-protein-mediated pathway Receptor tyrosine kinase mediated pathway Receptor serine/threonine kinase mediated pathway Receptor guanilate cyclase mediated pathway Intracellular (unclear) receptor mediated pathway ;Aberrant Cell Signaling and the Related Disorders;;1. Aberrant Signal; ischemia, epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases extracellular glutamate/aspartic acid NMDAR activation Ca2+ influx [Ca2+]i , activation of enzymes excitatory intoxication ; Lesions in pancreatic ?-cell Decreased insulin production hyperglycemia Diabetes (Type I);Binding of TSH to R↓;2. Aberrant Receptor in Cell Signaling;Receptor Gene Mutation  — Genetic insulin-resistant diabetes ;Response of the insulin receptor kinase (IRK) to ligand binding;Three-dimensional structures of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (IRK);Once Tyr-Phosphorylated, the IRK activity trigerrs a number of signaling pathways;Receptor Tyrosine Kinases;Receptor Gene Mutation (NDI);Myocardial hypertrophy -R1 down regulated or desensitized Reaction to catecholamine Myocardial contraction Alleviate Accelerate myocardial lesion heart failure ;;G-protein-Mediated Pathway;Activation of Adenylate Cyclase by Gs?;GTPase;G-protein gene mutation—pituitary tumor;Type 1A PHP is a genetic disease caused by Gs? gene mutation type 1A Gs? gene mutation expression of Gs? disconnection between PTH receptor and AC hyperphosphatemia type 1B the target organ resists to PTH，