评价与测量基本课件201151testusefulness.pptVIP

V) 1 Validity When a test measures what it is intended to measure and nothing else, it is valid. Validity is the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure. Most important kinds of validity are CONTENT and FACE VALIDITY. Classification Of Validity (I) 1) Rational /Non-empirical / conceptual Validity: a) Face / Content Validity b) Response Validity (2) Empirical（实验）/ statistical (criterion- related) Validity a) Concurrent Validity b) Predictive Validity (3) Construct Validity *Non-empirical Validity does not require the collection of data or the use of formulae. *Reference: Language Test Construction Evaluation,171 Classification Of Validity (II) 1 External / Criterion Validity: （外在效度） Concurrent and Predictive Validity; 2 Internal Validity: （内在效度） Content and Construct Validity; 3Use Validity （使用效度） Face and Response Validity; 4 Beyond-the-test Validity （超考试效度） Operational and Backwash Validity; （实效效度） （反拨效度） Reference:李筱菊，1997，《语言测试科学与艺术》 [M]， 湖南教育出版社 Beyond-the-test Validity Beyond-the-test Validity 依据：交际测试的超考试目的论 （语言测试一开始就应该有一个超出考试的目的） Operational Validity 如果一种考试考出来的受试者不能胜任预期的工作，那么该考试就缺乏实效效度，例如中学英语教师资格考试。 Backwash Validity 反拨效度指的是考试对教学（还包括教师、学生、教材编撰者、教学大纲制定者等）是不是有良好的反拨效应。 Content Validity Content Validity is the representativeness or sampling adequacy of content--- the test accurately reflects the syllabus on which it is based. The purposes of assessment / Content specification list is to ensure that the test reflects all areas to be assessed in suitable proportion; Typically, content validation involves ‘experts’ making judgments in some systematic way based on teaching syllabus or domain specification; A balanced sample without bias towards test items that are easiest to write or towards test material that happens to be available. Face Validity Face Validity refers to the t