世界蟲害綜合治理 (IPM) 發展沿革.pdf

Annu. Rev. Entomol. 1998. 43:243–70 Copyright c 1998 by Annual Reviews Inc. All rights reserved INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT: Historical Perspectives and Contemporary Developments Marcos Kogan Integrated Plant Protection Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331; e-mail: koganm@ KEY WORDS: IPM, integrated pest control, agroecosystems, history, applied ecology ABSTRACT Twenty five years after its first enunciation, IPM is recognized as one of the most robust constructs to arise in the agricultural sciences during the second half of the twentieth century. The history of IPM, however, can be traced back to the late 1800s when ecology was identified as the foundation for scientific plant protection. That history, since the advent of modern organosynthetic pesticides, acquired elements of drama, intrigue, jealousy, and controversy that mark the path of many great scientific or technological achievements. Evolution of IPM followed multiple paths in several countries and reached beyond the confines of entomological sciences. Time and space constraints, however, bias this review toward entomology, among the plant protection sciences, and give it an obvious US slant, despite the global impact of IPM. PREAMBLE After nearly 25 years of usage, the acronym IPM can appear on line one of this review without need for an explanation nor a definition; these will come later. The nature of IPM in the waning years of the twentieth century is such that it has become a household term, generally understood, frequently used, but just as often misused by professionals and laypersons alike, often without much thought given to the subtleties and implications of the expression nor its impact on modern agriculture. Although this review has an obvious entomological bias, a “pest” in IPM sub- sumes weeds, pathogens, and nonarthropod animals as well