火 箭运动和发射课件.pdfVIP

Introduction to Aerospace Engineering Lecture slides Challenge the future 1 Launch of STS-122 on February 7, 2008 [NASA]. Part of the lecture material for this chapter originates from B.A.C. Ambrosius, R.J. Hamann and K.F. Wakker. References to “”Introduction to Flight” by J.D. Anderson will be given in footnotes where relevant. AAAAAAAAAAAAA Other material to be studied in addition to this presentation: “Introduction to flight” (Anderson): pp. 728-729; section 9.10. Examples: Deep Space 1 (1998-2001; Isp = 3100 s; F = 92 mN [/ds1]) or SMART-1 (2003-2006; Isp = 1640 s; F = 70 mN [/esaMI/SMART-1]). To overcome the drag of the lower part of the atmosphere, the launcher can be taken to altitude by a carrier aircraft (also compare with SpaceShipOne). OSC’s Pegasus is taken to 12 km before it is released. Depending on the technical requirements, it is a 3- or 4-stage launcher. Status April 2007: 37 launches, of which 34 successful [/archives/860]. Main advantage of reusable launchers: save operational costs. Drawback: maintenance. In spite of all efforts, the Space Transportation System STS (a.k.a. Space Shuttle) was the only reusable launcher until now. Status December 2011: Program terminated; 135 missions, of which 133 successful (Challenger destroyed during launch in January 1986, Columbia destroyed during re-entry in 2003) [/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/list_main.html]. 11 12 Independent of each other, liquid-fueled technology was developed both in the USA and in the former Soviet Union. Goddard and Korolev are among the founding fathers of modern spaceflight. Nazi Germany developed its V-2 (”Vergeltungswaffen-2”); also propelled by liquid propellants. After the war, Wernher von Braun and colleagues