5 Rumen Development 大学动物营养学课件 英文版.pptVIP

Rumen Development Gut Function After Birth Digestion and absorption similar to monogastric Function of the reticular groove Enzyme activity of saliva, stomach and small intestine different than in adult ruminant Rumen volume and papillae must develop Rumen microflora must become established Length of transition period between “functional non-ruminant” to “fully functional ruminant” is heavily diet-dependent Rumen Development Newborn rumen is nonfunctional Sterile, small, lack papillae Reticular groove shunts milk from esophagus to omasum Rumen developed by Exposure to environment other ruminants Consumption of solid feed Consumption of water Controlled by the producer if animal is separated from dam Rumen Development Size of Ruminant Stomach Compartments Reticular Groove Reticular groove is composed of two lips of tissue that run from the cardiac sphincter to the reticulo-omasal orifice Transport milk directly from the esophagus to the omasum Closure is stimulated by: Suckling Consumption of milk proteins Consumption of glucose solutions Consumption of sodium salts NaHCO3 Effective in calves, but not lambs Presence of copper sulfate Effective in lambs Nutritional Impact of Rumen By-Pass More efficient use of energy and protein No methane losses, heat of fermentation or ammonia losses Dietary requirements (100 kg calf gaining 1 kg/day) Metabolizable Digestible energy protein (MJ) (gm) Preruminant 32.5 280 Ruminant 35.1 290 Require B vitamins in diet (no microbial synthesis) Unable to utilize non-protein nitrogen Rennin in Neonate Produced by gastric mucosa in newborns Coagulates milk proteins (caseins) Curd encases whey proteins, fats, and other associated nutrients within minutes Curd slowly c