Addictive Behaviors 护理英语医学五年制课件.pptVIP

Addictive Behaviors Wang Honghong School of Nursing, CSU Have you seen any kind of addictive behaviors in daily life? Addiction and substance abuse as a Social Problem Affects the health care system and society Legal addictive behaviors are responsible for more illness and death than illicit drugs 14.8 million Americans use illicit drugs 3.5 million are dependent on illicit drugs 8.2 million are dependent on alcohol Addictive behaviors Substance物质 abuse use that does not conform to 相一致 the accepted social and medical practices Compulsive强制性 behaviors: gambling赌博, eating disorders, computer gaming and interacting, and strenuous费力的 exercising Definitions Addiction is defined as a compulsive, uncontrollable dependence on a substance, habit, or practice to such a degree that cessation中止 causes severe emotional, mental, or physiologic reactions. Addictive behaviors refers to those behaviors that are associated with maintaining an addiction. Three Basic Processes of Substance Abuse Tolerance Repeated exposure results in a lesser effect Physical dependence Withdrawal syndrome (戒断综合征) Psychological dependence Observable观察得到的 behavior of frequently seeking drugs – reinforcement plays a role with this Tolerance Lower sensitivity to a drug so that a given dose no longer exerts the usual effect Larger doses are needed Substance Dependence Physical dependence Adaptive state produced by repeated use Abstinence causes withdrawal Withdrawal symptoms tend to be opposite to acute effects of drug, e.g.: analgesia / pain euphoria / depression relaxation / anxiety Psychological dependence Craving渴望 or need Psychoactive Drugs CNS stimulants Nicotine Cocaine Amphetamines 安非他明 Caffeine CNS depressants Alcohol Sedative-hypnotics镇静催眠药 Opioids Hallucinogens 幻觉剂 Marijuana大麻/cannabis products大麻制品 CNS depressants抑制 Drugs that slow down the overall activity of the central nervous system Include alcohol and sedatives镇静药, CNS stimulants Drugs that speed up the activity of the ne