Anal Chem part2-2009 化学专业英语 教学课件.ppt

significant terms significant terms Molecular and Atomic spectrometry Spectrometry is the study of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and its applications Beer’s Law or the Beer-Lambert Law ? Qualitative: Spectrum (a plot of A vs. l) is characteristic of a specific species ? Quantitative: Absorbance at a particular l can be related to the amount of absorbing species Definitions and units l . monochromatic wavelength (cm) Po. incident radiant power (erg cm -2 s -1 ) P . transmitted radiant power (erg cm -2 s -1 ) b . absorption pathlength (cm) What is Light? Light is a form of energy Light travels through space at extremely high velocities Light is classified as electromagnetic radiation (EMR) Light behaves like a wave. Light also behaves like a particle. Today, we envision light as a self-contained packet of energy, a photon, which has both wave and particle like properties. EMR Wave Characteristics Wavelength (l) is the distance from one wave crest to the next. Amplitude is the vertical distance from the midline of a wave to the peak or trough. Frequency (v) is the number of waves that pass through a particular point in 1 second (Hz = 1 cycle/s) Particle Properties of EMR The energy of a photon depends on its frequency (v) Ephoton = hv h = Planck’s constant h = 6.63 x 10-27 erg sec or 6.63 x 10-34 Js Relationship between Wave and Particle Properties of EMR Ephoton = hv ; umedium= ?v = c/n How Light Interacts with Matter How Light Interacts with Matter Absorption Atomic Molecular Characteristics of Absorption Absorption is defined as the process by which EMR is transferred, in the form of energy, to the medium (s, l, or g) through which it is traveling Involves discrete energy transfers Frequency and wavelength selective -Ephoton = hv = c/? Characteristics of Absorption Involves transitions from ground state energy levels to “excited” states The reverse process is called emission For absorption to occur, the energy