Chapter 6 Approximation methods 量子力学英文教案课件.pptVIP

University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 2005-3-1 Prof. Zhang Xiaoxia? * Chapter 6 Approximation methods Approximation theory The first order correction of wave function and energy The second order energy correction The conditions of approximation theory §1 §2 §3 §4 back Approximation theory The undisturbed system has The disturbance adds a small extra piece If we write The perturbed En and |ψn can also expanded in powers of λ： into Schrodinger equation： Equating the coefficient of each power of λ Using|ψn (0) and E n (0) to find |ψn and En (1) The first order correction of energy λ E n (1) The eigenfunctions of dynamical quantities operation form a complete set. akn(1) = ψk (0) |ψn (1) Left multiply ψm (0) | The first order correction of wave function and energy The orthonormal condition of the eigenfunctions 1. m = n 2. m ≠ n The first order correction of energy ： （2）The first order correction of wave function |ψn(1) The eigenfunctions |ψn are orthonormal proof： Using|ψn (0) to find |ψn (2) ： The second order energy correction Left multiply ψm (0) | 1. when m = n hermitian operators orthonormal 2. when m ≠ n The second order energy correction The energy shift to second order The conditions of approximation theory The conditions of approximation theory （2）|En(0) – Ek(0)| must be large. （1）|H’kn| = | ψk(0) | H’ |ψn(0) | must be small， Example 1.A simple harmonic oscillator of charge e is disturbed by a small electric field ε. We may choose ε to lie along the x axis，Calculate wave function and energy （1）Hamilton Hamilton : H0 + H’ （2）The Eigenvalues E(0) and eigenfunctions ψn(0) of H0 （3） Calculate En(1) even functions （4） Calculate En(2) En(0) - En-1(0) = ?ω, En(0) - En+1(0) = - ?ω， University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 2005-3-1 Prof. Zhang Xiaoxia?