Lesson 1 Basic Concepts in Mechanics 机械专业专业英语教学用书.ppt

Lesson 1 Basic Concepts in Mechanics The branch of scientific analysis which deals with motions，time，and forces is called mechanics (力学) and is made up of two parts，statics and dynamics．Statics deals with the analysis of stationary systems, i.e.，those in which time is not a factor, and dynamics deals with systems which change with time． Lesson 1 Basic Concepts in Mechanics Forces are transmitted into machine members through mating surfaces，e.g.，from a gear to a shaft or from one gear through meshing teeth（啮合的轮齿）to anther gear, from a V belt to a pulley（三角度带传到皮带轮），or from a cam to a follower（凸轮传到从动件）. It is necessary to know the magnitudes of these forces for a variety of reasons. The distribution of the forces at the boundaries or mating surfaces（配合表面）must be reasonable, and their intensities must be within the working limits of the materials composing the surfaces. …… Lesson 1 Basic Concepts in Mechanics …For example，if the force operating on a sleeve bearing becomes too high, it will squeeze out the oil film and cause metal－to－metal contact, overheating，and rapid failure of the bearing．If the forces between gear teeth are too large, the oil film may be squeezed out from between them．This could result in flaking（剥落）and spalling（打碎）of the metal，noise，rough motion（运动不精确），and eventual failure．In the study of mechanics we are principally interested in determining the magnitude，direction，and location of the forces． Lesson 1 Basic Concepts in Mechanics Some of the terms used in mechanics are defined below． 我们将要用到的一些术语定义如下： Force Our earliest ideas concerning forces arose because of our desire to push，lift，or pull various objects．So force is the action of one body acting on another．Our intuitive concept（直观概念）of force includes such ideas as place of application（作用点），direction，and magnitude，and these are called the characteristics of a force． Lesson 1 Basic Concepts in Mechanics Matter (物质) is any material or substance；if it is completely enclo