Neo-Confucianism 传统文化 教学课件 英文版本.pptVIP

Neo-Confucianism Contents Forerunners of Neo-Confucianism Han Yu 韩愈(768-824) may justly be regarded as the first real protagonist of later Neo-Confucianism. He proposed and elaborated the Confucian Way and its transmission.(道统说) He maintained that there are three grades of human nature: the superior, the medium, and the inferior.(性三品说) His principal philosophical essays: An Inquiry on the Way 《原道》and An Inquiry on Human Nature《原性》. Forerunners of Neo-Confucianism Li Ao 李翱(772-841), a contemporary of Han Yu, also attempted to reestablish Confucianism by opposing Buddhism（排佛教）. He was especially known for his insistence that the questions of human nature and human destiny were central to Confucianism, ideas that became the core of later Neo-Confucianism. Li wrote his famous Essay on Returning to the Nature《复性书》. The Neo-Confucian Revival in the Song Dynasty It was in the Song Dynasty that Neo-Confucianism was firmly established. The Neo-Confucian revival in the Song Dynasty is traditionally traced through a line of thinkers from Zhou Dunyi（周敦颐） through Shao Yong（邵雍）, Zhang Zai（张载）, the brothers Cheng Hao（程颢） and Cheng Yi（程颐） and finally the great synthesizer Zhu Xi（朱熹）. Neo-Confucianism developed in two different directions, the School of Principle（理学） represented by Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi, and the School of Mind（心学） led by Lu Jiuyuan（陆九渊）. The Neo-Confucian Revival in the Song Dynasty The fundamental concepts underlying Neo-Confucianism are the Way, human nature, destiny and principle. For this reason it has traditionally been known as the School of the Study of the Way（道学） and the School of Principle. A metaphysical and ethical system that succeeded in supplanting that of the Buddhists, Neo-Confucianism remained the dominant philosophy of China till the 20th century. It also spread to Japan and Korea where it had great influences. Neo-Confucianism: The Cosmologists It was generally acknowledged that Chou Tun-yi周敦颐 (1016-1073) was the founder of Neo-Confucianism whose