ThePhysicsofRadiology-chapter4-2 放射物理 英文版 教学课件.pptVIP

* 　 Measurement of Radiation: Dosimetry Part Two BME College Sherman Sheen(辛学刚) The Physics of Radiology Determination of Absorbed Dose Using an Absolute Ion Chamber 1、the air cavity (radius a) is small enough to produce negligible perturbation of the radiation field ２、the shell of wall material has essentially the same atomic number and density as the medium Example. Suppose a carbon ion chamber with a 1 cm3 air cavity is placed in a water phantom and exposed to Co-60 gamma rays, which produce a charge of 3 × 10-8 C. Find the dose to the water. Assume the carbon walls are slightly thicker than the range of electrons. Dose to water = 0.792 Gy ×1.111 = 0.890 Gy CORRECTION FACTORS FOR THE FINITE SIZE OF THE ION CHAMBER Effects of Temperature and Pressure on Ionization Measurements Exposure-The Roentgen 1 R ≡ 2.58×10-4 C/kg of air Or 1 C/kg = 3876 R Since air at STP has a density of 0.001293 g/cm3, 1 kg of air has a volume of 103/.001293 ＝7.734 × 105 cm3 and 1 roentgen is equivalent to: to produce 1 coulomb of charge by the ionization of air requires an energy absorption of 33.85 joules Standard Air Chamber Example. In a standard air chamber the limiting diaphragm has an area of 0.500 cm2 and the length of the sensitive electrode is 8.00 cm. In an irradiation a charge of 1.12 ×10-7 coulombs is collected. Air is at STP (density 1.293 kg m-3 ). Determine the exposure X at point P. Exposure in R ＝.02166 × 3876 R＝83.9 R Practical Ion Chambers—The Thimble Chamber Determination of Absorbed Dose in “Free Space” X: the exposure at point P the ratio of averaged mass energy absorption coefficients for the material of △m to air the attenuation factor the absorbed dose at point P the absorbed dose in free space at a point in air: Summary Determination of Absorbed Dose Using an Absolute Ion Chamber Effects of Temperature and Pressure on Ionization Measurements Exposure-The Roentgen Standard Air Chamber Practical Ion Ch