神经系统生理—张雄(2009Nerve2.pptVIP

NMDA receptor in LTP Excessive glutamate release and activation of NMDA receptor in diseases: stroke GABA receptor GABAA GABAB GABAC GABAA GABAB receptor Part 4 Neurotransmitter and Receptor Molecules that are released on excitation by a presynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft and cause a change in the postsynaptic membrane potential How to communicate between neurons-- Neurotransmitter Otto Loewis Experiment (1921) Discovery of neurotransmitters Acetylcholine (ACh) Neurotransmitter criteria Classification of Neurotransmitter ?Neurotransmitters in the peripheral nervous system (PNS): Acetylcholine (Ach), Noradrenaline (NA), Adenosine, ATP or peptide etc. Neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS): Acetylcholine, Biogenic amines, Amino acids, Peptides, Nucleosides, Gas molecular Excitatory Inhibitory Chemicals (next page) Acetylcholine Biogenic amines Adrenaline, noradrenaline Dopamine 5-HT Histamine Amino acids Glutamate Glycine ?-aminobutiric acid Aspartic acid Peptides Opioid peptides Tachykinins (substance P) Posterior pituitary hormone, etc. Nucleosides Adenosine, ATP, etc. Gas molecular NO, CO Lipid molecule PGE2 etc. Release of Ach Enzymatic degradation of Ach PNS Sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic fibers Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers Motor nerve fibers Sympathetic postganglionic fibers to the sweat glands Sympathetic vasodilator nerve fibers of the muscles CNS cortex cells, caudate nucleus, hippocampus, posteriomedial thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, etc. Mostly excitatory Localiz