第1、2绪论与上皮组织.ppt

单层立方上皮（甲状腺） 远端小管曲部 远端小管直部 远端小管 近曲小管和远曲小管 3.单层柱状上皮(simple columnar epithlium) 表面观细胞呈多边形，垂直切面观呈柱状；核椭圆、位居细胞基底部 The columnar epithelial cell appears taller than tis width.The longated nucleus is ofen located near the base of the cell.there is astriated border on the free surface of the epithelial cells.Scattered among the the columnar cells are the goblet cells. 4.假复层纤毛柱状上皮(pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium) 柱状细胞、杯状细胞、梭形细胞、锥状细胞 组成，其中柱状细胞最多 显微镜下很像复层，实则单层 The columnar ciliated cells are tall and are provided on the free surface withcilia.The conical intercalated cells are fusiform.The basal cells are triangular in shape,capable of differen tiating into other cell types of the epithelium.The goblet cells,responsible for the section of mucus,are usually scattered among the columnar ciliated cells. 5.复层扁平上皮(stratified squamous epithelium) The cells the of stratidied squamous epithelium are arranged in several layers,in which only the deepest cells contact the besement membrane.the basal cells in deepest layer are small and columnar or cuboidal in shaoe, the inter mediate cells in the middle layer become larger and polyhedral, and the superficial cells in the surface layers gradually become flattened.The shapes of their nuclei also chanme,from oval in the deepest layers to round in intermediate layers to flattened in surface layers Stratified Squamous Epithelium:Keratinized 6.变移上皮(transitional epithelium) 细胞的层数和形状可随其所在器官的机能状态不同而变化 The basal cells in the deepest layer are small,cuoidal in shape, withoval or round nuclus in the center of the cell. The intermediate cell are polygonal. The superficial cells are larger than other epithelial cells and present a scalloped out line on the luminal surface. They ofen cover two or three underlying intermediate cells.Many superficial cellshave two nuclei.When the urinary bladder distends, the epithelium becomes thinner and consists of only three layers of cells. The large superficial cells also become flattene