毕业论文 冲击矿压声发射定位的小波分析.doc

摘 要 冲击矿压是矿山开采中发生的煤（岩）动力现象之一，这种动力灾害往往会造成很大的人员伤亡和财产损失。并且随着开采深度的增加、开采范围的扩大，发生冲击矿压的矿井数是不断增加。而传统的预防冲击矿压的方法存在诸多弊端，只有声发射监测方法能进行动态实时的监测并对发生冲击矿压时的声发射信号进行分析。通过对信号的分析能准确预测冲击矿压的发生，确保能及时采取有效措施，从而减少生命和财产损失，提高了生产效率。 声发射源定位是声发射检测重要的组成部分，声发射源定位就是利用声发射信号到达不同传感器所形成的一组时差代入到方程中求解，以确定声发射源的技术。但是由于声发射信号在传播过程中的复杂性，对声发射信号进行小波分析就尤为重要。利用小波分析可使声发射源定位更加精确。 关键词：冲击矿压； 声发射； 定位； 小波分析 ABSTRACT It is one of the coal (rock) motive phenomenon’s that the mineral mountain mines the medium occurrence that coal burst, this kind of motive disaster usually will result in very big personnels dead and injured and properties lost. And along with the increment of the exploitation depth and the extension of the scope, the mineral well that takes place to coal burst increases continuously. But the traditional prevention method on coal burst to have many irregularities, only have the method of acoustic emission to monitor and have the acoustic emission signal which be produced by the coal burst to analyze. And through the signal analytical can accurate estimate coal burst’s occurrence, thus insure people can adopt the valid measure in time, and reducing the life and properties loss, raising the production efficiency. The source location used a group of signals to arrive different sensors, which would produce a group of time lag and sent it into the set of equation to solve, which can make the accurate location of the source. But because the signal at spread the complexity in the process, shoot the signal to carry on the wavelet analysis is very important, and it make sure to locate accurately. Keywords: coal burst; acoustic emission; location; wavelet analysis 1 冲击矿压 1.1冲击矿压概念 冲击矿压属于矿山动力现象，是矿山压力的一种特殊显现形式。 冲击矿压可以定义为矿山井巷或采场周围矿体和围岩由于变形能的释放而产生的以突变、急剧、猛烈的破坏为特征的动力现象。简单的说，冲击矿压就是煤（岩）的突然破坏现象。 冲击矿压是矿山开采中发生的煤（岩）动力现象之一，这种动力灾害通常是在煤（岩）力学系统达到强度极限时，聚积在煤（岩）体中的弹性能量以突然、急剧、猛烈的形式释放，在井巷发生爆炸性事故，造成煤（岩）体振动和破坏，动力将煤（岩）抛向井巷，同时发生强烈声响，造成支架与设备、井巷的破坏以及人员的伤亡等。冲击矿压还可能引发其他矿井灾害，尤其是瓦斯、煤尘爆炸、火灾以及水灾，干扰通风系统，强烈的冲击矿压还会造成地面建筑物的破坏和倒塌等。 1.2影响冲击矿压的主要因素及冲击矿