第二章 The Political, Legal and Technological Environment 政治、法律和技术环境 国际企业与跨文化管理课件.pptVIP

The Political, Legal andTechnological Environment 政治、法律和技术环境 Chapter Objectives（本章目标）: 1. INTRODUCE the basic political systems that characterize regions and countries around the world and offer brief examples of each. 介绍世界各个国家和地区的基本政治体制并举出实例 2. PRESENT an overview of the legal and regulatory environment in which MNCs operate worldwide. 阐述跨国公司在世界范围内经营所面临的法律环境概况 3. REVIEW key technological developments as well as their impact on MNCs now and in the future. 分析当前及未来技术环境中主要的变化及其对跨国公司的影响 Political Environment:政治环境 Ideologies (ideas reflecting beliefs and values influencing behavior/culture of nations and political systems) underlie the actions of governments.意识形态（意识会影响国家的行为和文化以及政治体制）隐藏在政府行为背后 Evaluate a political system along two dimensions: (1) rights of citizens based on a system of government (range democratic to totalitarian); (2) Focus of political system on individualism vs. collectivism.评价一国的政治体制可以从两个方面：公民的权利（范围从完全民主道极权），政治体制强调的是个人主义或集体主义 No pure form of government没有纯粹的政府管理形式 Democratic tend to emphasize individualism and totalitarian tends to emphasize collectivism.民主社会重视个人主义而集权社会偏向于集体主义 (1) Ideologies:意识形态Individualism个人主义 People should be free to pursue economic and political endeavors without constraint.人们应该自由的追求经济和政治目的 In business context, similar to capitalism and connected to free market society在商业背景下，与资本主义意义相同，与自由市场社会相联系 Private property more successful, productive, and progressive than communal property私有权和集体所有权相比更成功，生产性更高更有效率 Betterment of society related to level of freedom individuals have in pursuing economic goals.好的社会秩序与个人在自由追求经济目的有关 (1) Ideologies:意识形态Collectivism集权主义 Does not value individual as such对个人主义不重视 Views needs/goals of society at large as more important than individual desires在很大程度上社会的目标或需要高于个人需求 No rigid form of collectivism as societal goals differ greatly among cultures在不同的社会文化下不存在严格的集体主义形式 e.g.: Fascism: nationalism, authoritarianism, militarism, corporatism, collectivism, totalitarianism 法西斯主义