营养与肝胆胰疾病ppt课件.ppt

营养与肝胆胰疾病Hepatopancreatobiliary Disease and Nutrition 第一节 肝 炎 肝脏与胆囊、胰腺在营养物质的消化、吸收、排泄、生物转化以及代谢中发挥重要的作用。 定义 Definition 肝炎 各种原因引起的，以肝实质细胞变性坏死为主要病变的肝功能损害 Hepatitis implies injury to the liver characterized by the presence of inflammatory cells in the tissue of the organ. 主要症状 Symptoms 乏力、食欲减退、厌油腻、肝区不适、腹胀等 The main symptoms include hypodynamia, loss of appetite, nausea or vomiting, abdominal discomfort or distension 分类 Categorizations 根据病程长短分急性肝炎（病程不超过半年）和慢性肝炎（病程在半年以上） 肝炎以病毒性肝炎（viral hepatitis）最常见，也包括由于酒精滥用、药物使用不当、环境毒物以及遗传引起的肝炎 Acute hepatitis ( half a year); chronic hepatitis ( half a year) Hepatitis is caused mostly by viruses, but other factors like alcohol, drugs, toxins and heredity may also lead to hepatitis. 病毒性肝炎是法定乙类传染病，传染性较强、传播途径复杂、流行面广泛、发病率高 部分乙型、丙型和丁型病毒性肝炎患者可演变成慢性，并可发展为肝硬化和原发性肝细胞癌 Viral hepatitis is one of the Class B notifiable infectious diseases and easily infected, with a high prevalence. Hepatitis A, C and D may develop into liver cirrhosis or primary liver cell cancer 一、肝炎与营养的关系 Hepatitis Diet/Nutrition 过度节食，减肥，营养不良，脂肪和能量摄入过剩肥胖，机体的抵抗力下降，过量饮酒损害肝脏功能 水质和食物受到有害的重金属（镉、铜、汞等）、化合物（苯、酚等）、农药（有机磷等）污染后可引起中毒性肝炎 Overeat, on diet, malnutrition, excessive intake of fat and energy, decline in immune function And water/food contaminated with heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Hg), compounds (benzene, phenol) or pesticide (organophosphorus) may cause hepatitis 碳水化合物代谢障碍 Disorder of Carbohydrate Metabolism 肝糖原合成减少，加上病人进食少而处于饥饿状态，易出现低血糖 肝脏将乳酸转变为糖原的功能减弱，易引起乳酸在体内蓄积，四肢酸痛，重者可出现酸中毒 Deceased glycogen formation and diet intake easily lead to hypoglycemia Impaired function of converting lactic acid to hepatin causes lactic acid accumulation, painful limbs and even acidosis 蛋白质代谢障碍Disorder of Protein Metabolism 肝细胞合成蛋白质障碍，血浆白蛋白水平下降 凝血酶原和纤维蛋白原等多种凝血因子合成障碍，重症者可发生皮肤和粘膜出血不止 鸟氨酸循环受影响，尿素合成能力下降，使血氨水平增高 Blocked protein synthesis in liver cells and decreased plasma albumin level Prothrombin, fibrinogen and other blood clotting factors synthesis